Ethics Board Rules Alien Specimens Have Right to Refuse Participation in Studies

The International Xenobiological Ethics Board has issued guidelines requiring researchers to obtain informed consent from extraterrestrial organisms before conducting experiments, a mandate that has been met with both ethical praise and logistical despair. The guidelines, titled 'Respecting the Autonomy of Non-Terrestrial Biological Entities,' require that all extraterrestrial specimens be presented with a consent form, that the form be translated into a communication modality the organism can perceive, and that the organism's response — or lack thereof — be documented and interpreted in the most favorable light. 'If the organism does not respond, that is not consent,' the guidelines state. 'If the organism moves away from the form, that is refusal. If the organism absorbs the form, that is to be interpreted on a case-by-case basis.' Researchers have struggled with implementation. 'I presented the consent form to Specimen EC-14, the self-replicating slime,' said Dr. Marcus Webb of JPL. 'It absorbed the form, grew six percent larger, and produced a copy of the form made of itself. I have no idea if that's consent, refusal, or a counteroffer.' The ethics board has appointed a 'consent interpretation specialist' whose role is to analyze specimen responses and determine whether they constitute agreement. The specialist, Dr. Yael Cohen, has processed forty-seven consent interactions to date. 'Twenty-two specimens did nothing, which I classified as inconclusive,' Dr. Cohen reported. 'Twelve moved away, which I classified as refusal. Eight absorbed the forms, which I classified as pending further analysis. Three produced responses that I can only describe as sarcastic, though I recognize that attributing sarcasm to a microbe is professionally questionable. Two specimens died during the consent process, which raises ethical questions I am not prepared to address.' The guidelines have effectively halted 60% of active xenobiology research. The remaining 40% involves organisms that have been interpreted as consenting, though Dr. Cohen acknowledges that 'the interpretation is generous and I am uncomfortable with it.'